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Papilio troilus : ウィキペディア英語版 | Papilio troilus
The Spicebush Swallowtail (''Papilio troilus'') is a common black swallowtail butterfly found in North America, also known as the Green-Clouded butterfly.〔"Simply Butterflies," Accessed March 17, 2011, http://www.simplybutterflies.com/Backyard_Butterflies.html〕 It has two subspecies, ''Papilio troilus troilus'' and ''Papilio troilus ilioneus'', the latter found mainly in the Florida peninsula.〔Hall, Donald; Butler, Jerry (Aug 2007). "Spicebush Swallowtail," ''Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida''. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/IN/IN32500.pdf〕 The spicebush swallowtail derives its name from its most common host plant, the spicebush, members of the genus ''Lindera''. The family to which Spicebush Swallowtails belong, Papilionidae, or swallowtails, include the largest butterflies in the world. The swallowtails are unique in that even while feeding, they continue to flutter their wings. Unlike other swallowtail butterflies, Spicebushes fly low to the ground instead of at great heights.〔Scott, James. ''Butterflies of North America''. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1986.〕 ==Distribution and habitat== The Spicebush Swallowtail is found only in the eastern US and southern Ontario, but occasionally strays as far as the American Midwest, Cuba, Manitoba and Colorado.〔 While still larvae, Spicebush Swallowtail remain on the leaf of the plant on which they were laid. As adults, the butterflies do not limit their flight geographically and instead are motivated mostly by availability of water and nectar and mates within the species’ range.〔Mickley, J. and A. Fraser (2006). "Papilio troilus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed March 30, 2011, http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Papilio_troilus.html〕 This primarily black swallowtail is normally found in deciduous woods or woody swamps, where they can be found flying low and fast through shaded areas. Females tend to stay in open plains,〔Scriber, J., Y. Tsubaki and R. Lederhouse. ''Swallowtail butterflies: their ecology and evolutionary biology''. Scientific Publishers: Gainesville, Fla. 1995.〕 while males are typically found in swamp areas.〔
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